Abstract The geographical distribution of sand flies in Brazil has been the subject of some studies, yet there is no information about the phlebotomine fauna in João Pessoa, State of Paraíba, Brazil. The aim of this work is to evaluate the occurrence and distribution of sand flies in the Atlantic forest fragments and to evaluate a possible dispersion in 06 nearby districts. Light traps were used during three consecutive nights, supplemented by an aspirator during the dry period and rainy season. A total of 222 sand flies were found, 143 (130 males and 13 females) in the Atlantic forest, and 79 in urban areas. During the entire dry season, three species of phlebotomine sand flies were recorded in 11 forest fragments, Lutzomyia longipalpis, Lu. migonei and Lu. whitmani. During the rainy season, only Lu. longipalpis was found. This was the only species identified in the studied neighborhoods during both seasons. The differences in diversity of sand flies encountered between natural habitats and urban areas may thus be correlated mostly with adaptations to particular habitats and availability of food. One species (Lu. longipalpis) appears to be rapidly adapting to urban areas because of deforestation.

A fotólise direta de 1,1-diciano-3-fenilbutene-1 (3-MDCN) foi pesquisada a temperatura ambiente em solventes de diferentes polaridades (hexano, diclorometano e acetonitrilo). Foram obtidos fotoprodutos originários dos processos di-pi-metano e pi-metano (migração de hidrogênio 1,2). As estruturas dos produtos foram determinadas por ¹H-NMR, GC/MS, IV e cromatografia. Os resultados das determinações dos rendimentos quânticos relativos e as análises cromatográficas de irradiações sequênciais evidenciaram que i) não ocorrem reações secundárias, até a altas conversões; ii) o rearranjo di-pi-metano é mais afetado pelas variações de solvente que o rearranjo pi-metano. Não foram observados produtos por fotosensitização com acetofenona ou acetona. A presença de mecanismo simultâneos e os efeitos de solvente foram considerados como evidência de excitações localizadas e deslocalizadas sobre a superfície de energia potencial.

The direct photolysis of 1,1-dicyano-3-phenylbut-1-ene (3-MDCN) was investigated at room temperature in solvents of different polarities (hexane, dichloromethane and acetonitrile). Cyclopropanes arising from both the di-pi-methane and pi-methane (1,2-H migration) processes were obtained as photoproducts. The structures of the products were elucidated by ¹H-NMR, GC/MS, IR and chromatography. Relative quantum yield determination and GC analysis of sequential irradiations gave evidence that: i) no secondary reactions occur, even at high conversions; ii) the di-pi-methane rearrangement is significantly more affected by the solvent variation than the pi-methane reaction. Photosensitization with acetophenone or acetone did not yield any observable products. The existence of the simultaneous mechanisms and the observed effects were considered as evidence of a possible differentiation between localized and delocalized excitation on the excited state surface.

Analisou-se oito experimentos realizados em áreas irrigadas do Submédio São Francisco, entre os anos de 1988 e 1993, com o objetivo de relacionar a resposta do tomateiro industrial (Lycopersicon esculentum, Mill) à adubação fosfatada em solos com diferentes teores de fósforo disponível determinado pelos métodos Mehlich-1 ou Bray-1. Nos solos com conteúdo de P disponível igual ou inferior a 2 mg.dm-3, os aumentos em produtividade, provocados pela adubação foram, em média, de 190,8%, enquanto no solo com teor de P de 8 mg.dm-3, o aumento foi de apenas 21,7%. Porém, em solos com teor de P igual ou superior a 14 mg dm-3, não foi verificada resposta do tomateiro à adubação fosfatada. Para os dois experimentos onde foi possível ajustar equações quadráticas, as produtividades máximas econômicas de tomate (56,47 e 69,35 t.ha-1) foram obtidas com os níveis de 143 e 182 kg.ha-1 de P2O5, respectivamente.

Results of eight field experiments carried out in irrigated areas of the Submédio São Francisco River Valley, Northeast Brazil, from 1988 to 1993, were statistically analysed to evaluate the response of processing tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum, Mill) to phosphorus fertiliser, in soils with different available phosphorus contents by the methods of Mehlich - 1 or Bray - 1. The analysis showed that in soils where available P content was equal to or lower than 2 mg.dm-3, the mean increment in tomato yield due to P fertilisation was 190.8%, while in soils where the P content was 8 mg/dm³, the increment was only 21.7%. However, in soils with P content equal or higher than 14 mg dm-3, there was no response of the tomato crop to phosphorus fertilisation. In the two experiments where a quadratic response was observed, the maximum economical yields of 56.47 and 69.35 ton. ha-1 of tomatoes were obtained with 143 and 182 kg.ha-1 of P2O5, respectively.

In this work several methods for evaluation of the degree of lipid oxidation and antioxidant activity are reviewed. Some aspects related to the recent advances mentioned in the literature are also reported.